Saturation Pressure Apparatus

Product Description

Specification ofSaturation Pressure A bench top unit comprising a boiler vessel and pipe loop with a pressure relief valve to limit the operating pressure to eight bar gauge. A sight glass on the front of the boiler enables the boiling patterns to be observed and a bourdon type gauge indicates the pressure in the apparatus at all times for safe operation. A throttling calorimeter mounted adjacent to the pipe loop enables the condition of the saturated steam to be determined by measuring the temperature of the steam following throttling to atmospheric pressure. Temperatures in the pipe loop and inside the throttling calorimeter are measured using PRT sensors and pressure in the loop is measured using an electronic pressure sensor. An electrical console houses the necessary electronics with current protection devices and an RCD for operator protection. A digital meter with selector switch displays all sensor measurements. Corresponding signals are routed to an I/O port for connection to a PC. An optional interface device and educational software package is available. The boiler is heated by a pair of 500 W electric heating elements with variable power control and over temperature protection. A comprehensive instruction manual is included with a range of fully detailed laboratory teaching exercises. Description ofSaturation Pressure A bench top unit designed to introduce students to the characteristics of saturated water vapour. The apparatus consists of a Marcet Boiler, with an additional pipe loop, which enables saturated steam to be generated and returned to the base of the boiler as condensate. Pure water in the boiler is heated to its boiling point using a pair of cartridge heaters with variable power control. A sight glass on the front of the boiler enables the internal processes to be observed, namely boiling patterns at the surface of the water, and also permits the water level in the boiler to be monitored. Saturated steam leaving the top of the boiler passes around the pipe loop before condensing and returning to the base of the boiler for reheating. The operating range of the boiler and loop is 0 - 7 bar gauge. The top limb of the pipe loop incorporates a platinum resistance thermometer PRT,Temperature sensor and an electronic pressure sensor to measure the properties of the saturated steam. A filling point on the top limb enables the loop to be filled with pure water and permits all air to be vented safely before sealing the loop for pressurized measurements. A vapour off take, with isolating valve, enables steam from within the loop to be passed through a throttling calorimeter, the purpose of which is to demonstrate how the dryness fraction of the saturated steam in the loop can be determined. The steam expands to atmospheric pressure as it is throttled and a second PRT temperature sensor measures the temperature of the steam following expansion.